1. Withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement and Its Aftermath
2. Emergence of a New Political Strategy
3. The Gaya Session and the Formation of the Swaraj Party
4. The Programme and Objectives of the Swaraj Party
5. The Leaders: C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru
6. The Stand of the No-Changers
7. The Pro-Changer and No-Changer Controversy
8. The Divergence in Strategy
9. The No-Changer Argument
10. The Move Toward Reconciliation
11. The Delhi Congress Session, 1923
12. Gandhiji’s Release and His Stand
13. Gandhiji’s Approach to Reconciliation
14. Gandhiji’s Call for Unity
15. Government Repression and Gandhiji’s Support for the Swarajists
16. The End of the Conflict
17. Elections to the Legislative Councils, 1923
18. Coalition Building and Legislative Strategy.
19. Major Issues and Parliamentary Activity
20. Impact on Public Engagement and Local Governance
21. Challenges and Decline of Swarajist Influence
22. Gandhiji’s Renewed Critique
23. The Swaraj Party in the 1926 Elections
24. Parliamentary Activity and Opposition to Repressive Laws
25. Achievements of the Swaraj Party.
26. Gandhian Constructive Work
27. Recruitment and Training for Active Satyagraha
28. Political Climate and Resurgence of Nationalism
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Topic – Years of Stagnation: Swaraj Party, No-Changers and Gandhiji (Notes)
Subject – Political Science
(Indian National Movement & Constitutional Development)
Table of Contents
Withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement and Its Aftermath
The withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922 was followed by the arrest of Mahatma Gandhi in March 1922. He was convicted and imprisoned for six years on the charge of spreading disaffection against the Government. This development led to disintegration, disorganization, and demoralization within the nationalist ranks, creating a danger of the movement lapsing into passivity. Many nationalists began to question the wisdom of the total Gandhian strategy, while others searched for new approaches to continue the struggle against colonial rule.
Emergence of a New Political Strategy
In this context, a new line of political activity was advocated by C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru. They proposed that the nationalists should end the boycott of the legislative councils and instead enter them to expose their sham nature. The councils were described as ‘sham parliaments’ and ‘a mask which the bureaucracy has put on’. Das and Motilal argued that participating in the councils would not mean abandoning non-cooperation, but rather extending it in a more effective form by obstructing every work of the council. This strategy, they believed, would open a new front in the battle for self-government.
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