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Topic – Maharaja Ranjeet Singh: Rise and Fall of Sikh Kingdom, Relation with East India Company (1806-1826) (Notes)
Subject – History
(Modern Indian History)
Table of Contents
Maharaja Ranjit Singh, also known as the “Lion of Punjab” or “Sher-e-Punjab,” was the first Maharaja of the Sikh Empire, which governed the northwest Indian subcontinent in the early part of the nineteenth century. The weakness of Mughal authority and Afghans invasions created confusion and anarchy in the Punjab. Ranjit Singh fully exploited this political situation to his advantage and by following the policy of “blood and iron”carved out a kingdom which included the provinces of Multan, Kashmir, and Peshawar till 1839.
Early Life
- Maharaja Ranjit Singh was born on November 13, 1780, in Gujranwala, Punjab, to Maha Singh and Raj Kaur.
- Raj Kaur, his mother, was the daughter of Jind’s Sikh Raja Gajpat Singh. Buddh Singh was his given name at birth, after his ancestor who was the first in line to receive Amrit Sanchaar.
- To commemorate his army’s victory over Chatha chieftain Pir Muhammad, the child’s name was changed to Ranjit (literally, “victory in battle”) Singh (“lion”).
- His father died when he was 12 years old. He inherited his father’s Sukerchakia Misl estates and was raised by his mother Raj Kaur, who co-managed the estates with Lakhpat Rai.
- Hashmat Khan made the first attempt on his life when he was 13, but Ranjit Singh prevailed and killed the assailant instead.
- When his mother died when he was 18, and Lakhpat Rai was assassinated, he was aided by his mother-in-law from his first marriage.
- He was the only child of Maha Singh, and after his father’s death in 1792, he became the Shukerchakias’ chief.
- Gujranwala town and the surrounding villages, now in Pakistan, were part of his inheritance.
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