1. Lahore Congress Session (December 1929)
1.1. Background
1.2. Jawaharlal Nehru as President of INC
1.3. Significance
1.4. Independence Pledge
2. Karachi Session of Congress, 1931
2.1. Background
2.2. Venue and Leadership
2.3. Major Resolutions Passed
2.4. Emotional and Political Context
2.5. Importance and Legacy
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Topic – Lahore Session (1929) & Karachi Session (1931) of Congress (Notes)
Subject – History
(Modern Indian History)
Table of Contents
Lahore Congress Session (December 1929)
The 1929 Congress session was held in Lahore. This session was significant because the prominent party Indian National Congress adopted the Poorna Swaraj or complete independence resolution in Lahore. This session was presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru with backing from Gandhi. He hoisted the Indian tricolor flag on the bank of the Ravi river
Background
- The Calcutta Congress session saw a near-split between leaders who desired dominion and leaders who desired complete independence.
- Finally, it was decided that if the British parliament accepted the Nehru report by December 31, 1929, Congress would accept it as is.
- If the report is not accepted by the British parliament, Congress will demand total independence and will organize a non-violent non-cooperation movement.
- The one-year deadline passed with no response from the government. This was followed by the Congress Session in Lahore, presided over by Jawahar Lal Nehru.
- The most significant resolution was that the Nehru Committee Report had now expired and that Dominion status would no longer be acceptable. A Poorna Swaraj Resolution was passed, with Swarajya referring to complete independence.
- According to this resolution, the Central and Provincial Legislatures had to be completely boycotted, as well as all future elections. A Civil Disobedience Program was to be launched.
- The deadline for the Nehru Committee report expired at midnight on December 31, 1929, and on January 1, 1930, Jawahar Lal Nehru unfurled the Flag of India’s Independence on the banks of the River Ravi in Lahore.
- The Congress working committee met on January 2, 1930, and it was decided that January 26, 1930, should be observed as Poorna Swaraj Day, as Mahatma Gandhi drafted a Poorna Swaraj pledge on that day.
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