1. Background
2. First Battle of Tarain (1191 AD)
2.1. Background
2.2. The Battle
2.3. Causes
2.4. Aftermath
3. Second Battle of Tarain (1192 AD)
3.1. Background
3.2. Consequences
3.3. Aftermath
4. Rajput Uprising
4.1. About the Rajputs
4.2. History
4.3. Ghorid Invasion
5. Battle of Chandawar (1194 AD)
5.1. Background
5.2. The Battle
5.3. Aftermath
6. Conquest of Bengal and Bihar
7. Ghurid Forces and Later Campaigns
8. Death of Muhammad Ghori
9. Conclusion
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Topic – Invasion of Mohammad Ghori (Notes)
Subject – History
(Early Medieval Indian History)
Table of Contents
Mu’izz ad-Din Muhammad, also known as Muhammad of Ghor, was the Sultan of the Ghurid Empire from 1173 to 1202 and as the sole ruler from 1202 to 1206. He was born Shihab ad-Din (1149 – March 15, 1206). He is credited with establishing Muslim rule in the Indian subcontinent, which lasted for centuries. He ruled over parts of modern-day Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Northern India, Pakistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan.
Background
- Following Mahmud’s death, Ghori ascended to the Ghazni throne.
- In 1186, he attacked Punjab and captured it from “Khusro Malik,” annexing it to his dominions.
- Recognizing the gravity of the situation, North Indian Hindu princes formed a confederacy under the command of Prithvi Raj Chauhan.
- In 1191, Prithvi Raj Chauhan defeated Muhammad Ghori in the Battle of Tarain near Delhi.
- Again, Muhammad Ghori gathered a massive army and sent a message to Prithviraj Chauhan, urging him to become a Muslim and accept his supremacy, but Chauhan refused.
- Prithvi Raj Chauhan was captured and killed in the 2nd battle of Tarain in 1192, establishing the first Muslim kingdom rule over Ajmer in India.
- Muhammad Ghori returned to Ghazni, leaving his general Qutubuddin Aibak to continue his conquests in India. In 1193, Aibak captured Delhi and Meerut.
- Ghori invaded and annexed Jayachandra “Ruler of Kannauj” in the battle of Chandwar or Ghardawala, establishing Turkish rule in North India.
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