1. Background
2. Mahmud of Ghazni’s Character Estimation
3. Famous Poets Patronized by Mahmud of Ghazni
4. Motive Behind Mahmud’s Invasion
5. Attack on Somnath Temple
6. End of Ghazni’s Rule in India
7. Conclusion
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Topic – Invasion of Mahmood of Ghazni (Notes)
Subject – History
(Early Medieval Indian History)
Table of Contents
Mahmud of Ghazni (971-1030) founded the Turkic Ghaznavid dynasty, which ruled from 998 to 1030. His kingdom had been transformed into a vast military empire by the time he died, extending from northwestern Iran proper to the Punjab in the Indian subcontinent, Khwarazm in Transoxiana, and Makran.
Background
- Following the Arab invasion of Sindh, it was the Turks who made inroads into India in the 11th century. The Turks are credited with establishing Muslim rule in India.
- In 963, Alptigin, a Trukish slave of Samanid king Amir-Abu-Bakr Lawik, established the Ghaznivid dynasty. He conquered the kingdom of Jabul, with Ghazni as its capital.
- His son-in-law, Subuktigin, a capable and ambitious ruler, took his place. He was successful in capturing all of the territories between Lamghan and Peshawar from Hindushahi ruler Jayapala.
- As a result, the Hindushahi kingdom was unable to contain the Ghaznavids’ growing power to the east. His raids, however, had no long-term impact.
- Subuktigin was succeeded by his son Ismail, who was deposed by his brother Mahmud in 998. He is best known in history as Mahmud Ghazni.
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