1. End of Balban’s Authoritarian Rule and Succession Crisis
2. Reign of Kaiqubad and the Weakening of the Sultanate
3. Role of Bughra Khan and the Fragmentation of Power
4. Khalji Presence in the Delhi Sultanate Before Their Rise
5. Internal Strife and the Outbreak of Disorder Under Kaiqubad
6. The Khalji Revolution
6.1. Background
7. Jalaluddin Khalji (1290-1296)
8. Allauddin Khalji (1296-1316)
9. Conclusion
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Topic – Fall of the Balban Dynasty and Rise of Khaljis: Kaiqubad and Bughra Khan; Khalji Revolution; Jalaluddin Khalji; Accession of Alauddin Khalji as a Ruler (Notes)
Subject – History
(Early Medieval Indian History)
Table of Contents
The transition from the Balban line of rulers to the Khalji dynasty in the late 13th century was one of the most significant political upheavals in the early Delhi Sultanate. It marked the end of the dominance of the Turkish aristocracy known as the Chahalgani, the weakening of centralized authority after Balban’s death, and the emergence of a new ruling elite that challenged and ultimately overturned the established political order. The period between Balban’s death in 1287 and the accession of Alauddin Khalji in 1296 witnessed intense factional struggles, dynastic weakness, and a major reconfiguration of the state’s political structure.
End of Balban’s Authoritarian Rule and Succession Crisis
The death of Ghiyasuddin Balban (r. 1266–1287), one of the most powerful and autocratic sultans of the Mamluk (Slave) dynasty, left the empire without a strong successor capable of maintaining the rigorous centralized control he had established. Balban had originally designated his capable son Prince Muhammad—a talented military leader—to succeed him, but his death in the battle against the Mongols in 1285 created a vacuum that Balban struggled to fill.
Balban’s last years were consumed by grief, and he reluctantly nominated his grandson Kai Khusrau as successor. However, leading nobles favored Balban’s weaker son Kaiqubad, who was more easily influenced, leading to a contested succession. This division set the stage for the final collapse of the Balban dynasty.
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