1. Introduction
2. Threat of Foreign Invasion
3. British Conquest of Sindh
4. Anglo-French Rivalry
5. Anglo-Russian Rivalry
6. Annexation of Sindh (1843)
7. Causes of Annexation of Sindh
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Topic – Annexation of Singh (1842-43) (Notes)
Subject – History
(Modern Indian History)
Table of Contents
Introduction
- By 1818, the entire Indian sub-continent, except the Punjab and Sindh, had been brought under British control. Part of it was ruled directly by the British, and the rest by a host of Indian rulers over whom the British exercised paramount power.
- From 1818 to 1857, the British conquered Sindh and Punjab and annexed the Avadh, the Central
Provinces, and many other petty states. With this, the British completed the task of conquering the whole of India.
Threat of Foreign Invasion
- Napoleon Bonaparte, a French military commander, wanted to establish relations with the Indian princes and, together with them, attack the British in their possessions. In particular, he was keen on joining the forces of Tipu Sultan and helping him drive the British out of India.
- Napoleon’s interest in India emerged around 1798 when he took the expedition to Egypt.
- In 1801, the Russian Tsar Paul I (Emperor of Russia) sent a secret proposition to Napoleon to carry out a joint invasion of India and drive out the English and the EIC. Napoleon was apprehensive of the Tsar’s suggestion and refused to join hands with him.
- In 1807, Napoleon and Tsar Alexander I signed the Treaty of Tilsit. They agreed to invade India through Turkey with Persia’s support.
- When the news of the Treaty of Tilsit reached the British through a spy, the British signed an Anglo-Persian treaty (1809) with the Persians. Under this treaty:
- The Persian ruler agreed not to allow a foreign army to pass across their country to India.
- In return, the British promised aid to Persia in case she came under attack by a foreign power.
- Anglo-Persian treaty ended the possibility of the French invasion.
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