1. Ala-ud-din Khilji (1296-1316 AD)
1.1. Background
1.2. Kinship
1.3. Expeditions of Alauddin Khilji
1.4. Administrative Reforms
1.5. Market Reforms
1.6. Military Restructuring
1.7. Reforms to Revenue System
1.8. Art and Architecture
1.9. Death of Alauddin Khilji
2. Deccan Policy of Alauddin Khalji
2.1. Conquest of Devagiri
2.2. Conquest of Telangana
2.3. Conquest of Hoysala Kingdom
2.4. Conquest of the Pandya Kingdom
2.5. The Second Attack on Devagiri
2.6. Nature of Alauddin Khalji’s Deccan Policy
2.7. Effects of Alauddin Khalji’s Deccan Policy
2.8. Causes of Success of Malik Kafur in the South
3. Ala-ud-Din and Mongol Invasions
4. End of the Khilji Dynasty
4.1. Background
4.2. End Rulers of Khilji Dynasty
4.3. Reasons for End of Khilji Dynasty
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Topic – Alauddin Khalji: Agrarian Measures, Market Control Policy, Deccan Policy and Role of Malik Kafur, Mangol Policy; Decline of Khaljis (Notes)
Subject – History
(Early Medieval Indian History)
Table of Contents
Ala-ud-din Khilji (1296 – 1316 AD)
Allaudin Khilji (1296–1316 AD) was a Turco-Afghan monarch of the Khalji dynasty who governed the Delhi Sultanate in the Indian subcontinent. He was the most prominent ruler of the Khilji Dynasty. He was also known as Ali Gurshasp. Alauddin implemented a number of key administrative reforms in the areas of revenue, price controls, and society. He ascended to the throne by killing Jalaluddin Firoz Khilji. To consolidate his power, he assassinated Firoz Khilji’s entire family after becoming Sultan. His main focus now was on expanding his empire and improving his administration.
Background
- Alauddin Khilji was the nephew and son-in-law of his predecessor Jalaluddin Khilji.
- After Jalaluddin deposed the Mamluks and became Sultan of Delhi, Alauddin was awarded the title of Amir-i-Tuzuk.
- He was appointed governor of Kara in 1291 after suppressing a revolt against Jalaluddin and governor of Awadh in 1296, following a successful expedition on Bhilsa.
- Alauddin stormed Devagiri in 1296 and looted enough to organize a successful insurrection against Jalaluddin.
- Following Firoz Khilji’s death in 1296 AD, Ali Gurshap declared himself sultan of Manikpur under the name Alauddin Khilji.
- He solidified his dominance in Delhi after executing Jalaluddin’s sons in Multan.
- He defeated the Mongols near the Ravi riverbed in 1306, and thereafter ransacked the Mongol territory in modern-day Afghanistan.
- Zafar Khan, Ulugh Khan, and his slave-general Malik Kafur were among the military commanders who successfully commanded his army against the Mongols.
- Yamin-ul-Khilafat, Nasir-e-amir-ul-momini, and Sikander-e sani were among his many titles.
Kinship
- Amir Khushro has written extensively about Alaudin’s kinship.
- He was a firm believer that power belongs to the powerful.
- He claimed that the king had no family and that all of the people in the country had to be his subjects.
- As a result, it was their prior obligation to follow the sultan’s orders without question.
- Before becoming Sultan, he did not even seek the consent of the Khalifa.
- He stated unequivocally that his directives are in the best interests of the people, and that he is unconcerned whether they are in accordance with Shariat or not.
- As a result, he did not consider the Shariat norms to be beyond the welfare of the people.
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