1. Background
2. Significant Events under Francis Rawdon Hastings
3. Legacy of Francis Rawdon Hastings
4. The Policy of Paramountcy
4.1. Concept
4.2. Evolution
4.3. Resistance of States
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Topic – Administration of Lord Hastings (1812-1823) (Notes)
Subject – History
(Modern Indian History)
Table of Contents
Francis Edward Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings, was born on December 9, 1754 and died on November 28, 1826. The Honourable Francis Rawdon, known as Lord Rawdon between 1762 and 1783, The Earl of Moira between 1793 and 1816, was an Anglo-Irish politician and military officer who served as Governor-General of India from 1813 to 1823. He had also served with British forces for many years during the American Revolutionary War and in the War of the First Coalition in 1794. In 1790, he took the surname “Hastings” in accordance with the will of his maternal uncle, Francis Hastings, 10th Earl of Huntingdon.
Background
- Francis Rawdon Hastings was educated at Harrow and Oxford University College.
- He joined the army in 1771, fought in the American wars, was promoted to Adjutant General in 1778, and later succeeded his father as Earl of Moira.
- Hastings’ most important role was as a soldier in the British army. He was a young officer during the American Revolution, fighting as a lieutenant in the 5th Regiment’s grenadier company at Bunker Hill in 1775.
- He distinguished himself by being promoted to captain and appointed as General Henry Clinton’s aide-de-camp.
- He later led the Volunteers of Ireland, served as Clinton’s adjutant general, and commanded an independent army in South Carolina in 1780-81.
- In his sixtieth year, he arrived in India as Governor General. He was also the Army’s Commander-in-Chief.
- An ordinary soldier became a strategist, an ex-courtier became a statesman, a gambler became a careful steward of the company’s officers, and a man of fashion was concerned about the welfare of the people, according to legend.
- He was practically forced to participate in Indian power politics and finish the work started by Wellesley.
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