1. Background
2. Members
3. Report
4. View of Congress
5. Conclusion
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Topic – Nehru Report and Jinnah’s Fourteen Points (Notes)
Subject – History
(Modern Indian History)
Table of Contents
The Government of India announced the formation of a committee of inquiry into the events in Punjab on 14 October 1919, following orders issued by the Secretary of State for India, Edwin Montagu. It was originally known as the Disorders Inquiry Committee, but it was later shortened to the Hunter Commission. It was named after the chairman, Lord William Hunter, a former Solicitor-General for Scotland and Senator of the Scottish College of Justice. The commission’s stated mission was to “investigate recent disturbances in Bombay, Delhi, and Punjab, their causes, and the measures taken to deal with them.”
Background
- The massacre at Jallianwalla Bagh shocked Indians as well as many British. The Secretary of State for India, Edwin Montagu, established an inquiry committee to look into the matter.
- So, on October 14, 1919, the Government of India announced the formation of the Disorders Inquiry Committee, later dubbed the Hunter Committee/Commission after its chairman, Lord William Hunter.
- There were three Indians among the members: Sir Chimanlal Harilal Setalvad, Vice-Chancellor of Bombay University and advocate of the Bombay High Court; Pandit Jagat Narayan, lawyer and Member of the Legislative Council of the United Provinces; and Sardar Sahibzada Sultan Ahmad Khan, lawyer from Gwalior State.
- After meeting in Delhi on October 29, the committee took statements from witnesses called in from Delhi, Ahmedabad, Bombay, and Lahore.
- In November, the committee traveled to Lahore to question the main witnesses to the events in Amritsar. Dyer was called before the committee.
- He was certain that what he had done was only his duty. Dyer stated that his intentions were to instil terror throughout Punjab, thereby lowering the moral standing of the ‘rebels.’
- Despite the fact that Dyer’s statement sparked racial tensions among committee members, the final report, released in March 1920, unanimously condemned Dyer’s actions.
- Dyer’s actions were condoned by various superiors, still the Hunter Committee took no punitive or disciplinary action (later upheld by the Army Council).
- In addition, prior to the start of the Hunger Committee’s proceedings, the government had passed an Indemnity Act to protect its officers.
- The Indemnity Act, dubbed the “white washing bill” by Motilal Nehru and others, was heavily criticized.
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