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Topic – Anglo-Nepal War (1814-1816) (Notes)
Subject – History
(Modern Indian History)
Table of Contents
- The Anglo-Nepalese War (1814-1816), also known as the Gorkha War was a significant military conflict between the British East India Company and the Kingdom of Nepal.
- Both sides had ambitious expansion plans for the mountainous north of the Indian subcontinent. The war ended with a British victory and the signing of the Treaty of Sugauli in 1816, which ceded some of the Nepalese-controlled territory to the EIC.
Historical Context
- In the mid-eighteenth century, the British East India Company actively traded with Nepal. Viewed as an opulence hub, Nepal supplied the Company with commodities such as rice, butter, oil seeds, timber, dyes, and gold.
- In 1767, British concerns around this partnership grew when the Gorkhas ascended their power and leadership in Nepal.
- In 1768, the Gorkhas (hardy people belonging to the hill town of ‘Gorkha’) wrested the control of Kathmandu from the successors of Ranjit Malla of Bhatgaon.
- In their attempt to expand beyond the mountains, they were checked by the Chinese in the north. Hence, they pushed towards the frontiers of Bengal and Awadh, coming in contact and clash with the English in India.
- In 1801, Governor-General Wellesley, in pursuance of his scheme of Subsidiary Alliance to consolidate Company’s territories in India and create outposts against Tibet or China, forced the Hindu Gorkha Kingdom of Nepal to sign the treaty and accept a British Resident at Kathmandu.
- However, in 1803, the Resident left owing to Nepalese hostility. The following decade saw numerous problems all along the 1,100-km long border shared between Nepal and India.
- As 1814 approached, however, the British found themselves concerned by the possibility of an alliance between Nepal and Sikhs in northern India.
- The Company believed that if Nepal was expelled from its Western lands, the “Terai” region, it would no longer pose a danger.
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