1. Introduction
2. Background
3. Army of Both Sides
4. Battle of Panipat
5. Result of the Battle of Panipat
6. Conclusion
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Topic – First Battle of Panipat (Notes)
Subject – History
(Early Medieval Indian History)
Table of Contents
Introduction
The First Battle of Panipat took place on April 21, 1526, between the invading forces of Babur and the Lodi dynasty. It occurred in North India and marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire as well as the end of the Delhi Sultanate. This was the first battle in the Indian subcontinent to use gunpowder firearms and field artillery, both of which were introduced by the Mughals.
After losing Samarkand for the second time, Babur gave attention to conquer Hindustan as he reached the banks of the Chenab in 1519. Until 1524, his aim was to only expand his rule to Punjab, mainly to fulfil his ancestor Timur’s legacy, since it used to be part of his empire. At that time, most of North India was under the rule of Ibrahim Lodi of the Lodi dynasty, but the empire was crumbling and there were many defectors. He received invitations from Daulat Khan Lodi, Governor of Punjab and Ala-ud-Din, uncle of Ibrahim. He sent an ambassador to Ibrahim, claiming himself the rightful heir to the throne of the country, however the ambassador was detained at Lahore and released months later.
Babur started for Lahore, Punjab, in 1524 but found that Daulat Khan Lodi had been driven out by forces sent by Ibrahim Lodi. When Babur arrived at Lahore, the Lodi army marched out and was routed. In response, Babur burned Lahore for two days, then marched to Dipalpur, placing Alam Khan, another rebel uncle of Lodi’s, as governor. Alam Khan was quickly overthrown and fled to Kabul. In response, Babur supplied Alam Khan with troops who later joined up with Daulat Khan Lodi and together with about 30,000 troops, they besieged Ibrahim Lodi at Delhi. He defeated them and drove Alam’s army off; and Babur realised Lodi would not allow him to occupy the Punjab.
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