1. Razia Sultana (1236-1240 AD)
1.1. Background
1.2. Accession to Throne
1.3. Reign of Razia Sultana
1.4. Decline of Razia Sultana
1.5. Reasons of Decline
2. Ghiyas ud din Balban (1266-1287 AD)
2.1. Background
2.2. Ascension to Throne
2.3. Reign of Ghiyas ud din Balban
2.4. Death of Ghiyas ud din Balban
2.5. Legacy of Ghiyas ud din Balban
2.6. Conclusion
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Topic – Successors of Iltutmish: Razia and Balban (Notes)
Subject – History
(Early Medieval Indian History)
Table of Contents
Razia Sultana (1236 – 1240 AD)
Iltutmish nominated his daughter Razia Sultana for the crown of Delhi after overthrowing his son Ruknuddin Firoz. Razia Sultana was born in the year 1205 and reigned from 1236 until 1240. She was the first Muslim woman to ascend to Delhi’s crown. Delhi’s nobles despised Razia’s reign as Sultan and plotted against her. She like her father, was wise, an outstanding administrator, brave, and a fighter. Despite the fact that her reign was barely three years long, her actions have been recorded in history.
Background
- Razia was born to a Turkic slave, Delhi Sultan Shamsuddin Iltutmish. She was Iltutmish’s daughter and most likely his firstborn child.
- She was named as Raziyyat-ud-din, Razia Begum or Sultana Razia. She was the first and the last woman among the Muslims as well as the Hindus to occupy the throne of Delhi.
- Razia’s mother, Turkan Khatun, was the chief wife of Iltutmish and a daughter of Qutb al-Din Aibak.
- Razia was known as a good archer and horse rider when she turned 13 only due to his father’s training, and she frequently accompanied her father in his military endeavours.
- When Iltutmish was gone in the assault on Gwalior, he gave Razia control of Delhi, and when he returned, he was so impressed with Razia’s performance that he chose Razia as his successor.
- He said that “This young girl of mine is superior to many sons”.
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