1. Historical Background
2. Objective
3. Key Provisions
3.1. All India Federation
3.2. Provincial Autonomy
3.3. Division of Subjects
3.4. Dyarchy at the Centre
3.5. Bicameral Legislature
3.6. Retention of Communal Electorate
3.7. Federal Court
3.8. Reorganization of Provinces
3.9. Separation of Burma
3.10. Supremacy of the Parliament
3.11. Abolition of the Indian Council of the Secretary of State
3.12. Federal Railway Authority
3.13. Other Provisions
4. Significance
5. Criticism
6. Conclusion
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Topic – Government of India Act 1935 (Notes)
Subject – Political Science
(Indian National Movement & Constitutional Development)
Table of Contents
Government of India Act 1935 was the longest legislation passed by the British Parliament for India. White paper which was published after the Round Table Conference became the basis for Government of India Act 1935. It introduced dyarchy at the Centre and responsible government in the provinces.
Historical Background
- The Government Act of 1919 was not satisfactory at all and was too short in its provisions for the self-government.
- Indian politicians were frustrated at that time because they thought that the areas they had official control over were still in the hands of the British officials with full control over them.
- So the task to review this matter and to make changes to it had been given to the Simon Commission.
- When the Simon Commission Report came out it was seen that the report was not satisfactory which would lead to the consultation with the then-Indian Community Representatives at the Round Table conference, held in London
- The Round Table Conferences were a failure because they were unable to fulfill their goal.
- However, in 1933, a white paper was released based on the recommendations of the Round Table Conferences, and work on India’s constitution began.
- A committee was set up under the chairmanship of Lord Linlithgow, the viceroy of India, to consider the recommendations of the white paper.
- The committee’s report was published in 1934 and contained in a bill of law.
- The report along with the bill was passed in the British Parliament. After the Royal assent, the Act was enforced in the country as the Government of India Act 1935.
- The Government of India Act, of 1935, laid down a federal form of Government for India.
- The Government of India Act, 1935 derived material from four key sources viz. Report of the Simon Commission, discussions at the Third Round Table Conference, the White Paper of 1933 and reports of the Joint select committees.
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