1. August Offer (1940)
1.1. Background
1.2. Proposal
1.3. Response to August Offer
1.4. Evaluation of August Offer
1.5. Conclusion
2. Cripps Mission (1942)
2.1. Background
2.2. Reasons for CM come to India
2.3. Main Proposal
2.4. Significance
2.5. Failure of Cripps Mission
2.6. Causes of INC’s Rejection
2.7. Causes of Muslim League’s Rejection
2.8. Conclusion
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Topic – August Offer and Cripps Mission (Notes)
Subject – Political Science
(Indian National Movement & Constitutional Development)
Table of Contents
August Offer (1940)
The August Offer was made by Lord Linlithgow, Viceroy of India, in August 1940. It is known as ‘The August Offer’ since it was presented in the month of August. The viceroy Linlithgow made the August Offer promising to establish an advisory war council, to expand and include more Indians in the Viceroy Executive Council, and to set up a representative Indian body to frame the Constitution of India. In return, the British wanted the support of Indians in the Second World War.
Background
- The Second World War is the deadliest war in history.
- It started in the year 1939 involving more than 100 million people from 30 countries.
- The British government pulled India into the war without the consent of the Indians.
- This made the leaders of India upset with the British government.
- A change of government took place in Britain in the year 1940. Winston Churchill became the Prime Minister of Britain.
- France, who was an ally of Britain in the war, had fallen to Axis power under Hitler.
- During this period The British were eagerly hoping to gain the support of Indians for the war.
- The Indian National Congress agreed to cooperate in the war but had few demands.
- India demanded complete Independence from colonial rule.
- The response of the British Government to the Indian demands was called ‘the August Offer’ given by the Viceroy of India, Lord Linlithgow.
- The right of Indians to write their own constitution was recognized for the first time.
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