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1. Urban Local Bodies (ULBs)
1.1. Historical Background
1.2. Purpose for Urban Local Bodies
1.3. Provisions of Urban Local Bodies under 74th Constitutional Amendment Act
1.4. Composition of Municipalities
1.5. Financial Power of Municipalities
1.6. Finance Commission
1.7. District Planning Committee (DPC)
1.8. Metropolitan Planning Committee(MPC)
1.9. Types of Urban Governments
1.10. Challenges of Urban Local Bodies
1.11. Urban Local Bodies Reforms
2. Municipality
2.1. Historical Background
2.2. Constitutional Provisions
2.3. Evolution Of Municipality
2.4. Constitution Of Municipalities
2.5. Composition Of Municipalities (Article 243R)
2.6. Ward Committee
2.7. Reservation Of Seats
2.8. Duration Of Municipalities (Article 2430)
2.9. Qualification For Membership Of Municipalities
2.10. Powers, Authority And Responsibilities Of Municipalities
2.11. State Finance Commission
2.12. Election Of Municipalities
2.13. Types Of Urban Government
3. Township
3.1. What is Township?
3.2. Constitutional Provisions
3.3. Significance
3.4. Shortcomings
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Topic – Municipalities (Notes)
Subject – Political Science
(Constitution of India)
Table of Contents
Urban Local Bodies (ULBs)
Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) are basically small local public bodies that administer or rule a city or town with a specific population. The state governments have delegated a vast number of tasks to ULBs.
There are different types of urban local bodies in India, such as municipal corporations, municipalities, notified area committees, urban area committees, special purpose agencies, townships, port trusts, cantonment boards, etc.
Historical Background
- The first municipal corporation in India was set up at Madras in 1687, and in 1726 the municipal corporations were set up in Bombay and Calcutta.
- In 1870, Lord Mayo’s resolution for financial decentralisation paved the way for local self-government.
- The famous resolution by Lord Ripon, which is also called the Magna Carta of Local Self Government, was issued by Lord Ripon’s Government on 18th May, 1882.
- By the Government of India Act 1919, the local self-government was transferred to ministers responsible to new provincial legislatures.
- The Municipal Act of 1919 and District Municipalities Act of 1920 in Madras, gave powers to the Councils to elect their own chairmen and frame their own budgets.
- Another Act passed in 1925 made the city municipalities, with a population exceeding one lakh wholly elective.
- Government of India Act, 1935 introduced provincial autonomy and local self-government was declared as a provincial subject.
- The National Government appointed a committee in 1948 known as the Local Finance Inquiry Committee, to report on ways and means for improving the financial resources of local bodies.
- In 1985, the National Commission on Urbanization was appointed by the Central government which gave its report in 1988. Commission was set up to study and give suggestions on all aspects of urban management.
- The Constitution (74th Amendment) Act, 1992 is a landmark step of the Government of India to strengthen local self-government in cities and towns.
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